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800 metres at the Olympics
The 800 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the first edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 800 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896. The women's event was first held in 1928, making it the first distance running event for women. However it was not held again until 1960, since when it has been a permanent fixture. It is the most prestigious 800 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has three rounds: a qualifying round, semi-final stage, and a final between eight runners.
The Olympic records are held by David Rudisha, who ran a world record of 1:40.91 minutes in 2012, and Nadezhda Olizarenko, who ran a former world record of 1:53.43 minutes in 1980. Olizarenko's mark is the joint longest-standing women's Olympic record and the joint second-longest after the men's long jump record by Bob Beamon. Her time remains the second fastest ever for the event.〔(800 Metres - women - senior - outdoor ). IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-05-24.〕 The 800 metres world record has been broken ten times at the Olympics; the men's record was broken in 1912, 1932, 1968, 1976 and 2012; the women's record was bettered in 1928, 1960, 1964, 1976 and 1980.
Three men have won back-to-back 800 m Olympic titles: Douglas Lowe (1924–1928), Mal Whitfield (1948–1952) and Peter Snell (1960–1964). No women have won multiple titles in the event; Maria Mutola and Kelly Holmes are the only women's gold medalists to have reached the podium on two occasions. No athlete of either sex has won more than two medals. Historically, athletes in this event have also had success in the 1500 metres at the Olympics. Holmes was the last athlete to win both events at the same Olympics in 2004, but no male athlete has reached both middle-distance podiums since Sebastian Coe in 1984.
The United States is the most successful nation, having nine gold medals and 23 medals in total, although no American has won a medal since 1992. The next most successful nations are Great Britain (eight gold and 12 medals overall) and Kenya (5 golds among its 13 medals). Two nations have achieved a sweep of the medals: the United States in the men's contest in 1904 and 1912, and the Soviet Union in 1980 women's final.
==Medal summary==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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